It is important to follow the guidelines of Turabian style carefully to ensure that your paper is properly cited and easy for readers to understand. The bibliography includes all of the same information as the footnotes or endnotes, but is formatted differently. The bibliography at the end of the paper includes all of the sources cited in the text, listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name. The footnote or endnote includes the full citation for the source, including the author's name, title of the work, publication information, and page numbers (if applicable). In the notes-bibliography style, each time a source is cited in the text of the paper, a corresponding footnote or endnote is included at the bottom of the page or at the end of the paper. 'Turabian Style Format.' Journal of Citation Styles 45 (2010): 45-67. John Smith, 'Turabian Style Format,' Journal of Citation Styles (2010), 45-67.The author-date style is more common in the sciences and includes in-text citations with the author's name and the publication date in parentheses.īelow is an example of Turabian style using the notes-bibliography style:Īccording to Smith (2010), 'Turabian style is widely used in the humanities.'1 The notes-bibliography style is commonly used in the humanities and involves the use of footnotes or endnotes, as well as a bibliography at the end of the paper. There are two main parts to Turabian style: the notes-bibliography style and the author-date style.

Turabian, who wrote a manual for the University of Chicago Press on how to format research papers. Turabian style, also known as Chicago style, is a widely used citation style for writing research papers, particularly in the fields of history and social sciences.

Example of turabian paper with endnotes